Contract Law

Negotiations for a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement between India and the European Union resumed in June 2022 after a decade-long hiatus. The two sides are working towards a deal covering trade in goods, services, investment protection, and intellectual property. With the EU comprising 27 member states and representing one of India's largest trading partners, the shape of the eventual agreement will have significant implications for businesses, lawyers, and regulators on bo

The Bureau of Indian Standards, functioning under the BIS Act, 2016, has significantly expanded the scope of mandatory product certification in India through a series of Quality Control Orders issued in 2025 and 2026. Products ranging from household furniture to aluminium utensils and aesthetic skin-treatment devices now require BIS certification before they can be manufactured, imported, or sold in India. Non-compliance attracts penalties under the BIS Act, including impriso

When a contractual party breaches its obligations, the aggrieved party is entitled to damages under the Indian Contract Act. However, calculating damages and establishing the amount required to place an aggrieved party in the position it would have occupied had the contract been performed is not straightforward. Recent Supreme Court jurisprudence has clarified key principles governing contract damages, including the duty to mitigate loss, the distinction between liquidated da