How-To Guide

Changing the name of a company in India is a structured process under Section 13 of the Companies Act, 2013, that requires board approval, shareholder approval by special resolution, name reservation through the MCA portal, and formal application to the Registrar of Companies. This guide outlines each step, the forms involved, and the typical timeline. Step 1: Board Resolution The board of directors must pass a resolution approving the proposal to change the company name. The

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) requires every employer with 10 or more employees to constitute an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) to receive, investigate, and resolve complaints of sexual harassment at the workplace. This guide explains the composition requirements, the setup process, and the ongoing compliance obligations. Who Must Set Up an ICC? Every organisation, whether in the private or public

The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC), provides a time-bound mechanism for resolving corporate insolvency in India. This guide explains the different routes available for initiating CIRP, the filing requirements, and the post-admission process. Who Can File a CIRP Application? CIRP can be initiated by three categories of applicants. A financial creditor, such as a bank, NBFC, or bondholder, may file under Secti

An indemnity clause is one of the most important risk allocation mechanisms in commercial contracts. Under Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, a contract of indemnity is defined as a contract by which one party promises to save the other from loss caused by the conduct of the promisor or any other person. This guide explains how to draft an effective indemnity clause, the types available, and the key considerations for Indian commercial contracts. Types of Indemnity

Legal due diligence is a critical step before any business acquisition, merger, or investment in India. It involves a systematic review of the target company's legal documents, compliance records, contracts, and litigation history to identify risks and inform the deal structure. This guide outlines the key steps and areas of review for conducting effective legal due diligence. Step 1: Execute a Non-Disclosure Agreement Before accessing any confidential information about the t

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) requires every Significant Data Fiduciary (SDF) to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO). This guide explains who must appoint a DPO, the qualifications and responsibilities involved, and the step-by-step process for compliance under Section 10 of the Act. Who Must Appoint a DPO? Only organisations that have been officially notified as Significant Data Fiduciaries by the Central Government are required to appoint a DPO.

A Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) combines the flexibility of a partnership with the limited liability protection of a company. It is governed by the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, and is a popular choice for professionals, startups, and small businesses in India. This guide walks you through the step-by-step process of registering an LLP through the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) V3 portal in 2026. Step 1: Obtain Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) Every

If you no longer need your domestic LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) connection, you can surrender it to your oil marketing company and claim a refund of the security deposit paid for the cylinder and regulator. This guide covers the step-by-step process for surrendering connections with Indian Oil (Indane), Bharat Petroleum (Bharat Gas), and Hindustan Petroleum (HP Gas), including the documents required, refund timeline, and the recent changes for PNG consumers. When Should You

A Vehicle Fitness Certificate (FC) is an official document issued by the Regional Transport Office (RTO) confirming that a vehicle is roadworthy and safe to operate on public roads. Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, certain categories of vehicles must obtain and periodically renew this certificate. This guide explains who needs a fitness certificate, how to apply, the inspection process, and the applicable fees. Who Needs a Vehicle Fitness Certificate The fitness certificat

Noise pollution is regulated in India primarily through the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, framed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Citizens affected by excessive noise have multiple channels to file complaints and seek relief. This guide covers the permissible noise limits, where and how to file a complaint, and the legal remedies available if the authorities fail to act. Permissible Noise Levels Under CPCB Rules The Central Pollution Control

A review petition is a legal remedy available under Article 137 of the Constitution and Order XLVII of the Supreme Court Rules, 2013, allowing a party to seek reconsideration of a judgment or order passed by the Supreme Court. This guide explains the grounds on which a review petition can be filed, the procedure to follow, the applicable time limit, and how the Court decides such petitions. Legal Basis for Review Petitions Article 137 of the Constitution grants the Supreme Co

Government employees in India are required to obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from their employer before applying for a passport. This NOC, typically issued in Annexure G or Annexure M format, confirms that the employer has no objection to the employee obtaining a passport. This guide explains the step-by-step process, the documents required, and the legal framework governing this requirement. When Is a Police NOC Required for Passport A Police NOC (more accurately, a

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) oversees service quality and consumer protection in the telecommunications sector. If you are facing issues such as network outages, incorrect billing, unsolicited calls or messages, unfair tariff changes, or poor service quality from your telecom operator, you have the right to file a complaint through a structured grievance redressal mechanism. This guide explains the complete process. Understanding the Two-Tier Grievance Red

Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is the world's largest government-sponsored health insurance scheme, providing coverage of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation. The scheme covers over 12 crore families (approximately 55 crore beneficiaries) and is designed to reduce the financial burden of healthcare for economically vulnerable populations. This guide explains how to check your eligibility and apply. Who Is E

Every registered taxpayer under the Goods and Services Tax regime in India with an annual turnover exceeding Rs 2 crore is required to file the GSTR-9, the annual return that consolidates all monthly and quarterly returns filed during the financial year. For taxpayers with turnover exceeding Rs 5 crore, a reconciliation statement in GSTR-9C is additionally required. This guide walks you through the complete process of filing GSTR-9. Who Must File GSTR-9 GSTR-9 is mandatory fo