How-To Guide

When a company creates a charge on its property, assets, or any part of its undertaking in favour of a lender or creditor, it is legally required to register that charge with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). This requirement is imposed by Section 77 of the Companies Act, 2013, and is implemented through the Companies (Registration of Charges) Rules, 2014. The registration must be completed by filing Form CHG-1 with the ROC within 30 days of the creation of the charge. Failur

Board meetings are the primary forum through which the directors of a company exercise their collective authority, approve strategic decisions, and discharge their statutory obligations. The Companies Act, 2013, through Sections 173 to 175 and the Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014, prescribes detailed requirements for convening and conducting board meetings. These statutory provisions are supplemented by Secretarial Standard on Meetings of the Board of

When an Indian company issues equity shares, compulsorily convertible debentures, or compulsorily convertible preference shares to a person resident outside India, the company must report that issuance to the Reserve Bank of India by filing Form FC-GPR (Foreign Currency, Gross Provisional Return). This reporting obligation arises under the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, read with the Foreign Exchange Management (Mode of Payment and Reporting o

In India, every birth must be reported to the local Registrar within 21 days of its occurrence under the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969. However, many births go unregistered within this period due to lack of awareness, geographical remoteness, or administrative delays. A birth certificate is a critical document required for school admissions, passport applications, Aadhaar enrolment, and various government services. If you or your child's birth was not registered

An e-stamp certificate is a digitally generated document that serves as proof of stamp duty payment for legal and financial transactions in India. It was introduced to replace traditional physical stamp papers, which were vulnerable to fraud and counterfeiting. This article provides a complete guide to purchasing e-stamp certificates online through the SHCIL portal and state-specific portals, including the registration process, payment methods, fees, validity period, verifica

An affidavit is a written statement of facts made voluntarily and confirmed by oath or affirmation before a person authorised to administer oaths, such as a Notary Public or an Oath Commissioner. Affidavits are one of the most commonly used legal documents in India, required for court proceedings, government applications, property transactions, and personal declarations. This article explains how to draft, print, and execute an affidavit in India, including the different type

Introduction Public nuisance is a legal concept that addresses acts or omissions causing widespread harm, danger, or annoyance to the general public. Whether it involves illegal dumping of waste, excessive noise from a factory, obstruction of public roads, or the operation of a hazardous trade in a residential area, Indian law provides multiple remedies for affected citizens. With the enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (B

The Employees' State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948 is a social security legislation that provides a comprehensive package of medical and cash benefits to employees and their dependants in case of sickness, maternity, disablement, or death arising out of employment. The scheme is administered by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and covers establishments with 10 or more employees where workers earn up to Rs. 21,000 per month (Rs. 25,000 for employees with disabilit

Receiving a notice under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 (Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act) can be alarming for any borrower. This is a formal demand from your bank requiring you to repay outstanding dues within 60 days, failing which the bank may take possession of your secured assets or sell them to recover the debt. However, borrowers have specific rights under the SARFAESI Act, and responding properly c

If your GST registration has been cancelled by a tax officer due to non-filing of returns, non-compliance, or any other reason under Section 29 of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017, you have the right to apply for revocation of that cancellation under Section 30 of the CGST Act. Revocation restores your GSTIN and allows you to resume filing returns and conducting business as a registered taxpayer. However, you must file your application within the prescribed

If you have a grievance against a stockbroker, listed company, mutual fund, depository participant, or any other SEBI-registered intermediary, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) provides a dedicated online platform called SCORES (SEBI Complaint Redress System) for filing and tracking investor complaints. The upgraded SCORES 2.0 portal, launched in April 2024, introduced auto-routing of complaints, reduced resolution timelines to 21 calendar days, and added a tw

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, commonly known as the POSH Act, provides a structured legal mechanism for women to seek redress against sexual harassment at the workplace. The Act mandates the creation of Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) and Local Complaints Committees (LCCs) to receive and inquire into complaints. Whether you work in a private company, a government office, or any other organized or unorganiz

When the government acquires private land for public purposes such as infrastructure, industrial corridors, or affordable housing, the landowner is entitled to fair compensation under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (commonly called the RFCTLARR Act or the Land Acquisition Act, 2013). This Act replaced the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act of 1894 and introduced significant protections for landowne

When a government employee dies while in service, the family is often left in sudden financial distress. To address this, the central and state governments operate a Compassionate Appointment Scheme that allows one dependent family member to be appointed to a government post on priority, bypassing the regular recruitment process. However, this is not an automatic right. The appointment is granted only after a rigorous assessment of the family's financial condition confirms ge

Motor vehicle accident claims in India can take years to resolve through regular courts and the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT). Lok Adalats offer a significantly faster alternative, allowing accident victims and their families to settle compensation claims in a single sitting, without paying any court fees, and with results that are final and binding. Under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, Lok Adalats are organized at the district, state, and national levels s