Sansa Law Desk

How to File a Suit for Injunction in India An injunction is one of the most powerful remedies available in civil law, allowing a party to restrain another from doing a particular act or compelling them to perform one. Governed by the Specific Relief Act, 1963 (Sections 36 to 42) and the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Order 39), injunctions are widely used in property disputes, intellectual property matters, contractual disputes, and cases of nuisance. This guide explains the

How to File an Application for Commutation of Sentence in India Commutation of sentence is an executive power that allows the appropriate government to reduce the severity of a punishment imposed by a court. Unlike a pardon, which wipes out the conviction entirely, commutation substitutes a lesser punishment while maintaining the conviction on record. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) governs this process under Sections 473 and 474, while constitutional prov

How to Apply for Witness Protection Under BNSS in India Witnesses are the backbone of the criminal justice system, yet they often face threats, intimidation, and violence for coming forward with the truth. Recognising this reality, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has codified witness protection under Section 398, giving statutory backing to the framework originally directed by the Supreme Court in Mahender Chawla v. Union of India (2018). This guide explai

How to File a Debt Recovery Application Before the DRT in India When borrowers default on loans, banks and financial institutions in India have a specialised forum for recovering their dues: the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT). Established under the Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 (commonly known as the RDDBFI Act), DRTs provide an expedited mechanism for debt recovery that bypasses the delays of ordinary civil courts. This guide explains the complete process of filin

How to File a Case in Labour Court in India Filing a case in the Labour Court is a critical step for workers seeking justice against unfair dismissal, non-payment of wages, or denial of statutory benefits. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides the framework for adjudication of disputes between employers and workmen. While many workers assume they need a union or government referral, Section 2A of the Act allows individual workmen to approach the Labour Court directly in

The Indore Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court has intervened to protect a married couple facing an 11-year social boycott imposed by a community organization over their same-gotra marriage. A Division Bench comprising Justice Subodh Abhyankar and Justice Alok Awasthi issued notices to the state government, district authorities, police officials, and the private respondents, while directing police protection for the couple. The ruling reaffirms that same-gotra marriages ar

The Bar Council of India (BCI) declared the results of the All India Bar Examination XXI (AIBE XXI) on July 18, 2026, with 1,15,805 out of 1,75,701 candidates clearing the examination, yielding an overall pass rate of 65.92 percent. The results come after the BCI's Monitoring Committee reduced the qualifying marks by three points across all categories, a decision that materially affected the outcome for thousands of candidates. Examination Overview: Scale and Logistics AIBE X

The West Bengal government has constituted a nine-member expert committee to review the Draft Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, 2026, marking the State's formal engagement with one of the most debated legislative proposals in contemporary Indian law. The committee, headed by retired Supreme Court Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, has been tasked with submitting its report within one month, with the Bill expected to be tabled during the August session of the State Assembly. Composit

The Kerala High Court has declared the Kerala Minerals (Vesting of Rights) Act, 2021 unconstitutional in a ruling that reaffirms the fundamental right to property under the Indian Constitution. Cited as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 373, the judgment strikes down the State's attempt to vest all mineral rights in itself without providing compensation to private landowners. The Court held that such deprivation of property without compensation violates Article 300A of the Constitution, whi

In a landmark ruling that reinforces the constitutional dignity of incarcerated persons, the Supreme Court of India has directed all States and Union Territories to formulate comprehensive early release policies for elderly and terminally ill prisoners. The judgment, delivered in NALSA v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 713 (also cited as 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 684), marks a significant step toward humane prison reform in India. The Court held that the continued incarceration of prisone

A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 2013, that engages in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, or securities, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance, or chit fund activities. Unlike banks, NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits, but they play a critical role in India's financial ecosystem by serving segments that traditional banks often do not reach. Any company wishing to carry on th

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national standards body of India, established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016. BIS certification, commonly known as the ISI Mark, is a quality certification mark that confirms a product has been tested against the applicable Indian Standard (IS) and the manufacturing facility has been inspected and found compliant. For certain categories of products, BIS certification is mandatory before they can be sold in India. Thi

A Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, reputation, or characteristics attributable to that origin. Think of Darjeeling Tea, Basmati Rice, Kancheepuram Silk, or Tirupathi Laddu. In India, GIs are protected under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, and administered by the Geographical Indications Registry located in Chennai. This guide explains how to re

Every year, pensioners of central and state government departments, defence services, and public sector undertakings must submit a life certificate to their pension disbursing agency to continue receiving their pension. Traditionally, this required a physical visit to a bank or a gazetted officer to get a certificate signed and stamped. The Jeevan Pramaan scheme, launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology in November 2014, replaces this process with a

If you or a family member has been injured in a road accident caused by someone else's negligence, you have the right to claim compensation through the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT). The MACT is a specialized quasi-judicial body established under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, to provide a fast and accessible forum for accident victims to seek monetary compensation without going through the lengthy civil court process. This guide explains the complete process for filin