Sansa Law Desk

In April 2026, the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Surya Kant, issued notices on a Public Interest Litigation seeking to extend India's fundamental right to free and compulsory education to children aged 3 to 6 years. Currently, Article 21A of the Constitution guarantees free and compulsory education only to children aged 6 to 14. This PIL challenges that age restriction and seeks constitutional recognition of pre-primary education as a foundational right. If successful,

The Supreme Court of India on April 16, 2026, issued a landmark Standard Operating Procedure addressing one of the criminal justice system's most persistent problems: delays in legal aid appeals. The SOP prescribes binding timelines for every stage of the legal aid appeal process, from judgment communication to record transmission to filing. It also mandates the creation of a unified digital platform for real-time monitoring of appeals. This represents a significant step towa

The Supreme Court ruling in ICICI Bank Limited v. Era Infrastructure (India) Limited (2026 INSC 201) establishes that creditors may initiate simultaneous Insolvency Resolution Processes (CIRP) against both a principal corporate debtor and its corporate guarantor. The Court held that liabilities are co-extensive, meaning guarantors are jointly liable with principals for the same obligations. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code permits such concurrent processes, and multiple ins

The Delhi High Court has articulated refined principles governing injunction relief in trademark infringement disputes through its March 2026 decision in Mahindra and Mahindra Limited v. Diksha Sharma. The judgment addresses the dynamic injunction doctrine, which permits courts to refine injunction scope based on evolving factual circumstances. Rather than issuing blanket prohibitions, courts now craft proportionate relief addressing identified infringement risks while preser

India's e-commerce refund regime has evolved substantially under the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and ongoing regulatory amendments through 2026. E-commerce platforms and sellers must provide automatic refunds when products contain defects or deficiencies, without charging cancellation fees. Refund timelines must be reasonable and typically processed within specified periods. The regulatory framework emphasizes transparency about country-of-origin with mandatory filters effec

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act 2026 introduces extensive reforms strengthening creditor protections and resolution mechanisms. The amended framework establishes a Creditor-Initiated Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) creating direct mechanisms for secured creditors to initiate insolvency proceedings without time-consuming prerequisite steps. The reforms expand the look-back period for avoidance transactions, tighten admission timelines, and mandate autom

The Supreme Court has articulated comprehensive alimony principles in 2026 judgments establishing that monthly maintenance represents a more equitable approach than lump sum alimony in divorce proceedings. The Court exercises discretionary jurisdiction to replace one-time lump sum awards with periodic monthly maintenance ensuring long-term financial security. This framework balances the paying spouse's financial capacity with the recipient's actual ongoing needs. The approach

The Supreme Court in Regenta Hotels Pvt. Ltd. v. Hotel Grand Centre Point clarified the precise trigger point for arbitration commencement under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. The judgment holds that arbitration commences when the respondent receives the notice invoking arbitration, not when the claimant dispatches it or when the arbitration agreement is signed. This clarity eliminates temporal disputes about when statutory limitation periods and procedural timeli

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP) 2023 unfolds in phased implementation timelines stretching through 2027. Phase II, effective November 13, 2026, introduces consent manager framework requirements. Organizations processing personal data must establish relationships with approved consent managers who facilitate transparent data processing agreements. This phase emphasizes mechanism transparency, where users understand what data is collected, how it is used, and wh

India's consolidated Labour Code framework, effective from November 21, 2025, introduces a transformative wage structure requirement. The 50% wage rule mandates that basic pay must comprise at least half of an employee's total cost to company (CTC). This rule applies uniformly across all employment sectors as of April 1, 2026. The regulation fundamentally restructures how employers calculate wages, benefits, and statutory contributions, affecting every aspect of compensation

The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill 2026 represents a transformative shift in India's regulatory enforcement approach. Passed by the Lok Sabha on 1 April 2026 and cleared by the Rajya Sabha on 2 April 2026, this legislation decriminalizes hundreds of minor regulatory offences across 80 central legislation statutes. Instead of imprisonment, non-compliance now attracts civil penalties, administrative warnings, and compliance-based enforcement mechanisms. This reform

On 7 April 2026, India's Supreme Court delivered a landmark judgment establishing menstrual hygiene as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. This ruling compels all schools across India to provide comprehensive menstrual hygiene facilities and support systems. The judgment represents a significant step in recognizing the constitutional dimensions of menstruating individuals' dignity and access to education without disruption. Constitutional Basis for Mens

The Secretarial Audit Report, filed on Form MR-3, is one of the most important governance documents a company must prepare. Yet many companies misunderstand its scope, applicability, and legal consequences. Filing an accurate, comprehensive MR-3 protects the company and its directors from regulators and investors. What Is Secretarial Audit Secretarial Audit is a comprehensive review of a company's compliance with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and guidelines. Unlike f

In January 2026, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued significant amendments to the Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements (LODR) Regulations, 2015. These changes, effective immediately, reduce compliance burdens for certain debt-listed entities while introducing stricter investor protection measures. Understanding these changes is essential for listed companies, especially those with debt instruments. What Are HVDLE and Why They Matter HVDLE st

Understanding how capital gains tax applies to your investments and property sales is essential for tax planning. In 2026, India's capital gains tax regime has stabilized with specific rules for long-term gains, indexation relief, and the Cost Inflation Index (CII). Knowing when you pay 12.5%, when you can claim indexation, and how the CII affects your tax bill will help you optimize your investment strategies. LTCG Tax Rates and Holding Periods Long-term capital gains (LTC