Sansa Law Desk

India's unorganised sector employs hundreds of millions of workers, from construction labourers and domestic helpers to street vendors and agricultural workers. For decades, these workers had limited access to the social security benefits available to their counterparts in the organised sector. The e-Shram portal, launched on August 26, 2021 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, addresses this gap by creating a National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW). This guide e

The Employee Pension Scheme (EPS) provides a monthly pension to employees who have contributed to the Employees' Provident Fund during their working years. Managed by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) under the EPS, 1995 framework, this scheme offers retirement income to millions of workers across India. If you or a family member is approaching retirement age or has completed the required service period, understanding how to apply for EPS pension through Form

Trade unions play a vital role in protecting workers' rights and promoting collective bargaining in India. The Trade Unions Act 1926 (Act 16 of 1926) provides the legal framework for registering and governing trade unions across the country. Registration under this Act grants a trade union legal entity status, immunity from certain civil suits, and the right to manage funds. This guide explains the complete process of registering a trade union, including eligibility requireme

Road accidents in India are unfortunately common, and knowing how to file a motor insurance claim promptly can make a significant difference in recovering losses. Whether you have sustained damage to your own vehicle, suffered injuries, or need to claim compensation on behalf of a third party, the process follows a structured path governed by the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and guidelines issued by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI). This guide wa

Stamp duty is one of the most significant costs associated with property transactions and legal documentation in India. However, situations frequently arise where stamp papers go unused, transactions fall through, or excess duty is paid by mistake. In such cases, Section 49 of the Indian Stamp Act 1899 empowers the Collector to grant refunds for spoiled or unused stamps, subject to specific conditions and time limits. This guide explains the process for claiming a stamp duty

The Madras High Court recently addressed a question that has long divided parents and private school administrators: can private unaided schools be subjected to Right to Information (RTI) requests? In a ruling cited as 2026 LiveLaw (Mad) 305, Justice M Dhandapani held that private schools do not qualify as "public authorities" under the RTI Act 2005. However, the Court reinforced that these institutions must display their fee structures prominently at their entrance and on no

In a ruling that underscores the importance of protecting long-serving workers, the Orissa High Court has ordered the State Bank of India (SBI) to pay Rs 20 lakh each to two sweepers who were wrongfully terminated after nearly three decades of service. The division bench of Justices Krishna S Dixit and Chittaranjan Dash noted that the workers had given their "sweat and blood" to the institution and observed that in the current era of artificial intelligence, they are unlikely

Buying a brand new car is a significant financial decision, and every buyer expects the vehicle to be in factory-fresh condition. But what happens when a dealer secretly repairs a new car before handing it over, hoping the buyer will never find out? As per media reports, a consumer commission recently ordered a Maruti Suzuki dealer to refund Rs 6.6 lakh to a buyer after it was discovered that the dealer had secretly repaired a brand new Swift Dzire before delivery. The ruling

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued Circular No. HO/38/11/(9)2026-MIRSD-POD/I/15382/2026, dated July 3, 2026, amending Paragraph 46 of the Master Circular for Stock Brokers. The circular introduces a new framework for handling client securities that remain unpaid, centered on the CUSPA (Client Unpaid Securities Pledgee Account) auto-pledge mechanism. This represents a significant shift in how brokers must manage unpaid securities, strengthening client

In a significant ruling that reinforces the boundaries of privacy within matrimonial relationships, the Telangana High Court has held that secretly recording a spouse's phone conversations constitutes a violation of the right to privacy guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The decision, delivered by Justice Namavarapu Rajeshwar Rao and cited as 2026 LiveLaw (Tel) 104, declares such recordings inadmissible as evidence in divorce proceedings. This judgment

Constructing a building in India without proper permission is not merely risky; it can result in demolition orders, criminal prosecution, and steep financial penalties. Unlike many other legal processes, building permission is not governed by a single central law. It falls under the jurisdiction of state governments, municipal corporations, and local development authorities, each with its own rules, forms, and timelines. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the pro

The legal profession operates on a foundation of trust. When an advocate breaches that trust through professional misconduct, clients and affected parties have the right to seek accountability through the disciplinary mechanisms established under the Advocates Act, 1961. The process involves filing a complaint with the State Bar Council, with the Bar Council of India (BCI) serving as the appellate authority. Recent developments, including a landmark Supreme Court direction in

The Right to Information Act, 2005 is one of India's most powerful tools for government transparency. But filing an RTI application is only the beginning. When a Public Information Officer (PIO) refuses to provide information, provides incomplete information, or simply fails to respond within the statutory 30-day window, the Act provides a structured appellate mechanism. Understanding how to navigate the first appeal and second appeal process is essential for anyone serious a

Nomination in mutual funds determines who receives the units upon the death of the holder. It is not merely a procedural formality; an incorrect or outdated nomination can delay the transmission of funds at a time when the family needs them most. With SEBI overhauling the mutual fund regulatory framework through the SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 2026 (effective April 1, 2026), and issuing a fresh circular on May 29, 2026 capping the number of nominees, understanding how to

A well-drafted will is one of the most effective instruments for ensuring that your assets pass to the people you intend, in the manner you choose. Without one, the law decides who inherits your property, and that outcome may bear little resemblance to your wishes. Indian law provides a straightforward framework for creating a valid will, and understanding it can save your family considerable time, expense, and emotional distress. Who Can Make a Will in India? Section 59 of t