Sansa Law Desk

What Is SHe-Box 2.0 and Why Does It Matter On June 17, 2026, the Ministry of Women and Child Development launched SHe-Box 2.0, an upgraded digital platform designed to strengthen the implementation of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, commonly known as the PoSH Act. The platform replaces and enhances the original SHe-Box (Sexual Harassment electronic Box) system that was first introduced as a complaint filing mechan

Workplace injuries are an unfortunate reality in many industries across India, particularly in sectors like construction, manufacturing, and mining. When a worker suffers an injury or contracts a disease arising out of and in the course of employment, the law provides a mechanism for compensation. The Employees' Compensation Act 1923, originally known as the Workmen's Compensation Act, establishes the framework for claiming compensation without needing to prove employer negli

When You Need a NOC for Inter-State Vehicle Transfer A No Objection Certificate (NOC) is a mandatory document required when transferring a vehicle from one state to another in India. Whether you are relocating to a different state for work, selling your vehicle to a buyer in another state, or permanently moving your residence, you must obtain a NOC from the Regional Transport Office (RTO) where the vehicle was originally registered. The NOC certifies that there are no pending

Professional tax is a state-level tax levied on individuals earning income through employment, trade, or professional practice. Unlike income tax, which is administered by the central government, professional tax falls under the jurisdiction of individual state governments and local authorities. If you are an employer or a self-employed professional operating in India, understanding the enrolment process for professional tax is essential to staying compliant and avoiding pena

Understanding ESIC and Employer Registration Requirements The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) is a statutory body established under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, to provide social security and health insurance benefits to Indian workers and their dependents. ESIC registration is mandatory for employers who meet the applicability threshold, and failure to register carries significant penalties including imprisonment. This guide walks through the compl

Why the Supreme Court's Footpath Ruling Matters In a landmark decision that will reshape urban governance across India, the Supreme Court has ruled that every citizen holds a fundamental right to walk on safe, demarcated footpaths. The Court declared that pedestrian safety is an integral component of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. This ruling places a positive obligation on municipal authorities to maintain walkable, en

Understanding the Immigration and Foreigners Amendment Order 2026 India's immigration framework governs how foreign nationals enter, stay, and move within the country. It also defines the rights and restrictions applicable to Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) cardholders, who occupy a unique legal position between full citizenship and standard foreign national status. On June 18, 2026, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) notified the Immigration and Foreigners (Amendment) Order

Background: India's Evolving Foreign Investment Framework India's foreign direct investment (FDI) regime has undergone significant evolution over the past decade. The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and the rules framed under it govern how foreign capital enters the country through non-debt routes such as equity, preference shares, and convertible instruments. The FEMA compliance framework for startups and businesses raising foreign funding has always required ca

Background: Why Gulf CBSE Exams Were Cancelled The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) cancelled Class XII board examinations across seven Gulf countries in early 2026 following the outbreak of hostilities in the region. While regular students affiliated with schools received assessment under an internal evaluation scheme, private candidates who had no school affiliation were left without results. Their mark sheets displayed "Result Later" (R.L.), effectively stalling

The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (CLRA) regulates the employment of contract labour in India and requires both the principal employer and the contractor to obtain licences and registrations for engaging contract workers. This guide explains the legal framework, eligibility thresholds, step-by-step application procedure, required documents, and compliance obligations for contractors seeking a licence under the CLRA. When Is a Contract Labour Licence Req

A One Person Company (OPC) is a form of company introduced by the Companies Act, 2013 that allows a single individual to operate a corporate entity with limited liability. It combines the benefits of a sole proprietorship (single ownership, ease of decision-making) with the advantages of a private limited company (limited liability, separate legal entity, perpetual succession). This guide explains the eligibility criteria, incorporation procedure, compliance requirements, and

GST registration cancellation, also called surrender of GST registration, is the process by which a registered taxpayer voluntarily deregisters from the Goods and Services Tax system. This guide covers the eligibility criteria, step-by-step online procedure on the GST portal, required documents, final return obligations, and key timelines under the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017 and the CGST Rules, 2017. When Can You Cancel GST Registration Under Section 29(1

Closing a private limited company in India is a structured process governed by the Companies Act, 2013. The most common route for small and inactive companies is voluntary strike off under Section 248 of the Act. This guide explains the eligibility requirements, step-by-step procedure, required forms, and key timelines for striking off a company from the register maintained by the Registrar of Companies (RoC). When Can a Company Apply for Strike Off Under Section 248(2) of th

The Labour Commissioner (also called the Chief Labour Commissioner at the central level) is the primary authority for resolving disputes between employers and employees in India. Workers who face issues such as non-payment of wages, illegal termination, denial of statutory benefits, unsafe working conditions, or violations of labour laws can file complaints directly with the Labour Commissioner's office in their jurisdiction. When You Can Approach the Labour Commissioner The

The High Court of England and Wales has held diamond merchant Nirav Modi personally liable for approximately $10.7 million (over Rs 100 crore) under a personal guarantee he executed in 2013 in favour of the Bank of India. Justice Simon Tinkler delivered the ruling in a civil action brought by the Bank of India to recover dues arising from credit facilities extended to Firestar Diamond FZE, a company linked to Nirav Modi. Background: The Personal Guarantee In 2013, Nirav Modi