Sansa Law Desk

Minority shareholders in Indian companies are frequently exposed to conduct by majority shareholders or management that prejudices their interests, dilutes their holdings, or excludes them from the economic benefits of the enterprise. The Companies Act 2013 addresses this through Sections 241 to 246, which provide remedies for oppression and mismanagement. These provisions empower aggrieved members to approach the National Company Law Tribunal for relief, including orders tha

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 to replace the Indian Penal Code 1860 raised important questions about the continued applicability of special penal provisions in the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016, and whether the new criminal code adequately protects persons with disabilities from offences that specifically target them. The two statutes operate in overlapping spaces, and understanding how they interact is essential for prosecutors, defence law

The Central Consumer Protection Authority has issued notices to major e-commerce platforms in India for allowing the listing and sale of wireless devices that do not carry the mandatory type-approval from the Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing of the Department of Telecommunications. The enforcement action targets products including wireless routers, Wi-Fi extenders, and Bluetooth devices sold without the WPC certification that Indian law requires before such products ca

Project delays are one of the most pervasive grievances in India's real estate sector, and the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act 2016 was enacted in large part to address them. RERA gives homebuyers the right to seek a refund of the amount paid, together with interest, where a developer fails to complete and hand over possession by the agreed date. The right to refund under RERA is now well established in law, and state Real Estate Regulatory Authorities have devel

The Supreme Court of India has progressively expanded the scope of Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, to encompass a widening range of rights essential to a dignified existence. The courts have begun to recognise that access to digital services, including internet connectivity and online government platforms, is not a mere convenience but a component of the right to life in a society where essential services and civic part

The Supreme Court of India has held that menstrual health and hygiene are components of the right to health under Article 21 of the Constitution, placing an obligation on the state to take affirmative steps to ensure that women and girls are not excluded from education, employment, or public life due to inadequate menstrual health infrastructure. The judgment addresses a long-standing gap in constitutional recognition of the specific health needs of women and girls and has wi

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has introduced the Companies Compliance Facilitation Scheme 2026, providing a one-time opportunity for companies in default of filing statutory returns, financial statements, or other documents under the Companies Act 2013 to regularise their compliance position by filing outstanding documents with a reduced additional fee and without the risk of prosecution for historical defaults. The scheme aims to bring a large number of non-compliant com

The Natural Gas Supply Regulation Order 2026 issued by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board marks a shift in how natural gas is allocated, priced, and supplied to end consumers in India. The Order affects domestic households receiving piped natural gas, commercial establishments, and industrial units across the country's growing city gas distribution network. For both business and residential consumers, the practical impact is felt in supply reliability, tariff clar

The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill 2026 was tabled in Parliament in March 2026, proposing targeted revisions to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019. The original Act drew criticism for a gap between its stated intent and practical effect: the screening committee for gender recognition certificates, the definition of transgender persons, and the absence of reservation provisions were all identified as areas where the law fell shor

The Supreme Court of India's Constitution Bench ruling in Common Cause v. Union of India (2018) recognised passive euthanasia and the concept of a living will as legally valid, holding that the right to die with dignity is an integral component of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution. This landmark judgment, affirmed and clarified by subsequent decisions, has profound implications for end-of-life care, the medical profession, hospitals, and families of termi

The Securities and Exchange Board of India notified the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Amendment Regulations, 2026, which introduce several changes to corporate governance and disclosure requirements for listed entities. These amendments take effect immediately and cover capital raising, appointment of independent directors, and more. Companies must act now to ensure compliance. Here's what you need to know. Changes to Independent Director Eligibility

Eight years after the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax in India, the GST Appellate Tribunal has finally commenced operations. The Principal Bench and several State Benches, including Delhi and Cuttack, became functional for hearing cases on February 16, 2026, with the Chennai Bench beginning operations from April 1, 2026. The operationalisation of the GSTAT marks a critical milestone in India's indirect tax architecture, filling a long-standing gap in the appellate

The Securities and Exchange Board of India has announced a one-time relaxation from the applicability of penal provisions for listed entities that are unable to comply with minimum public shareholding requirements between April 1, 2026 and September 30, 2026. The decision, announced in early April 2026, comes in response to representations from industry bodies highlighting the difficulties faced by listed companies in diluting promoter holdings during a period of significant

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has significantly expanded the scope of the fast-track merger and demerger framework under the Companies Act, 2013 by amending the Companies (Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations) Rules, 2016. The amendment, notified on September 4, 2025, widens the categories of companies eligible for fast-track mergers and, for the first time, explicitly extends the fast-track route to demergers. This reform is expected to reduce the burden on the Na

The National Company Law Tribunal, Allahabad Bench, has approved Adani Enterprises Limited's resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates Limited under Section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The oral order, pronounced on March 17, 2026, clears the way for one of the largest insolvency resolutions in India's history, valued at approximately Rs 15,000 crore. The plan received approximately 93 per cent approval from the Committee of Creditors, significantly exceedi